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System Design: Building Scalable Distributed Systems

Design large-scale systems. Load balancing, caching, database sharding, and scalability patterns.

Rottawhite Team18 min readFebruary 8, 2025
System DesignScalabilityArchitecture

System Design Fundamentals

Design systems that scale to millions of users.

Key Concepts

Scalability

  • Horizontal vs vertical
  • Stateless services
  • Database scaling

    • Load Balancing

  • Round robin
  • Least connections
  • Health checks

    • Caching

  • CDN
  • Application cache
  • Database cache

    • Database

  • Replication
  • Sharding
  • Partitioning

    • Common Patterns

  • Read replicas
  • Write-ahead logging
  • Message queues
  • Circuit breakers

    • Design Process

  • Clarify requirements
  • Estimate scale
  • Design high-level
  • Deep dive components
  • Address bottlenecks

    • Conclusion

    System design skills are essential for building reliable, scalable systems.

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